Acne, the common skin condition affecting an estimated 1 in 10 globally, takes centre stage this June as renowned GP Dr. Doireann O’Leary guides us through all-too-common skin struggle, exploring its causes, triggers, and most widely recommended treatment options.
“Acne isn’t just skin-deep; it’s a multifaceted issue involving factors like an excess buildup of skin cells within hair follicles, over production of sebum (oil), bacteria, and inflammation,” explains Dr. Doireann. “It most commonly appears on hormonally sensitive areas like the face, neck, and upper back – which of course presents its own challenges.
Beyond physical symptoms, acne can take a toll on mental well-being. Issues like low self-esteem and anxiety are common, which really highlights the importance of holistic care and support.”
For many women grappling with acne, it can seem as though our hormones are calling the shots, causing breakouts seemingly at random. “Adult acne in women, often triggered by hormonal shifts, can wreak havoc on skin,” says Dr. Doireann. “From menstrual cycle fluctuations to pregnancy-related hormonal changes and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), understanding these triggers is really important for effective management.”
Other triggers for acne can be surprisingly diverse, from the friction of tight clothing to pore-clogging cosmetics. Even our diet and certain medications, like hormonal contraceptives, can play a role in flare-ups.
With acne triggered by a variety of factors, managing and treating it effectively usually requires a multifaceted approach. Dr. Doireann suggests starting with these primary strategies:
- Daily SPF application
Sunscreen helps to protect the skin from UV rays, which can worsen acne by causing inflammation and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (dark spots). Some prescribed acne medications, such as retinoids, can increase sensitivity to sunlight, too. Opt for a non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, and apply it generously every day, even on cloudy days. - Diet & Supplementation
Pay attention to your diet and consider making modifications to reduce potential acne triggers. Dairy can be a trigger for some people, with some studies
indicating that skim milk, in particular, may exacerbate the condition. High glycaemic (high sugar) diets have also been linked to flare-ups in some people.
Supplements such as Biotin, B6 and Whey Protein can trigger a flare ups too. Conversely, supplements that can help are collagen, Vitamin D and Omega 3 fish oils. - Topical, Over-The-Counter Treatments
Salicylic Acid penetrates deep into the pores to dissolve oil and exfoliate dead skin cells, helping to reduce the formation of new acne lesions. Look for cleansers, spot treatments, or toners containing salicylic acid, and use them regularly to keep acne at bay. Start with lower concentrations (around 2%) to minimise irritation, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Benzoyl Peroxide works by killing acne-causing bacteria and reducing inflammation. It’s available in various formulations and strengths, making it versatile for different acne severities. - Summer tip: Wear breathable, natural fabric
Clothing made from breathable, natural fabrics like cotton or linen allows air to circulate freely around the skin, reducing sweat and moisture buildup. This can help prevent pores from becoming clogged and reduce the risk of acne breakouts.
“For severe cases”, explains Dr. Doireann, “oral medications like antibiotics or retinoids may be prescribed by your GP. Although they’re effective, they do require close medical supervision.”
Is there any truth to that age-old toothpaste myth? “While toothpaste may seem like a quick fix, it can actually irritate the skin,” she cautions. “Effective, safer treatments are available through healthcare professionals.”